Policy - Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala

http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/g/gaitan.htm

Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala (January 23, 1903 – April 9, 1948) was a politician, a leader of a populist movement in Colombia, a former Education Minister (1940) and Labor Minister (1943–1944), mayor of Bogotá (1936) and one of the most charismatic leaders of the Liberal Party.

He was assassinated during his second presidential campaign in 1948, setting off the Bogotazo and leading to a violent period of political unrest in Colombian history known as La Violencia (approx. 1948 to 1958).

Early political career

Gaitán was active in local politics as early as 1919, when he was part of a protest movement against president Marco Fidel Suárez.

Gaitán increased his nationwide popularity following a banana workers' strike in Magdalena in 1928, in which strikers were fired upon by the army (United Fruit Historical Society) on the orders of the United Fruit Company, resulting in numerous deaths. Gaitán used his skills as a lawyer and as an emerging politician in order to defend workers' rights and called for accountability to those involved in the Santa Marta Massacre.(United Fruit Historical Society) Public support soon shifted toward Gaitán, Gaitán's Liberal Party won the 1930 presidential election.(United Fruit Historical Society)

In 1933 he created the "Unión Nacional Izquierdista Revolucionaria" ("National Leftist Revolutionary Union"), or UNIR, as his own dissident political movement after breaking with the Liberal Party.

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Political discourse

It is said that Gaitán's main political asset was his profound and vibrant oratory, often classified as populist by contemporaries and by later analysts, which attracted hundreds of thousands of union members and low-income Colombians at the time.(Wolf)  When he was a student in Rome he was influenced by Benito Mussolini's techniques for mobilising the people. (Encyclopædia Britannica Online) (United Fruit Historical Society) Bernstein considered that the promises that he made to the people were as important to his appeal as his impressive public speaking skills, promises that Bernstein felt made him almost a demagogue, and which led Bernstein to compare him with Juan Perón of Argentina. (Bernstein 1960:138)

In particular, he repeatedly divided the country into the oligarchy and the people, calling the former corrupt and the latter admirable, worthy, and deserving of Colombia's moral restoration. He stirred the audience's emotions by aggressively denouncing social, moral and economical evils stemming both from the Liberal and Conservative political parties, promising his supporters that a better future was possible if they all worked together against such evils.

In 1946, Gaitán referred to the difference between what he called the "political country" and the "national country". Accordingly, the "political country" was controlled by the interests of the oligarchy and its internal struggles, therefore it did not properly respond to the real demands of the "national country"; that is, the country made up of citizens in need of better socioeconomic conditions and greater sociopolitical freedom.

He was criticized by the more orthodox sectors of the Colombian Liberal Party (who considered him too unruly), most of the Colombian Conservative Party, the leadership of the Colombian Communist Party (who saw him as a competitor for the political affections of the masses)(1960:137). Gaitán was warned by U.S. Ambassador Beaulac on March 24, 1948 that Communists were planning a disruption of the impending conference and that his Liberal Party would likely be blamed.(Weyl 1960)

Gaitán's view of the 'people' has been considered as profoundly ambivalent by some later analysts. It is argued that, while he claimed to champion their cause, he did not see them as a social or political force capable of governing. There are instances in which he referred to the masses in explicitly pathological terms (as 'syphilitics' and 'alcoholics'), while in others he praised their virtues. This ambivalence, according to some analysts, could partly explain the extreme acts of savagery perpetrated by the peasantry during La Violencia

The subject of future land reform was also prominent in some of his speeches.

Late political career

After formally rejoining the Liberal Party in 1935, he was selected as mayor of Bogotá in June 1936, a position he held for eight months. During his administration, he tried to implement a number of programs in areas such as education, health, urban development and housing. His attempted reforms were cut short by political pressure groups and conflicts due to some of his policies (for example, an attempt to provide uniforms to taxi and bus service drivers). In September 1937 his daughter Gloria Gaitán was born.

Gaitán was named Minister of Education in 1940 under the administration of the Liberal Party's Eduardo Santos (1938–1942), where he promoted an extensive literacy campaign as well as cultural activities.

At the conclusion of the Liberal Party's national convention in 1945 he was proclaimed as "the people's candidate" in a public square, an unusual setting under the political customs at the time.

The Liberal Party was defeated in the May 1946 elections by the Conservative's Mariano Ospina Pérez (565,939 votes, president from 1946 to 1950) due to its own internal divisions, evidenced by its presenting two different candidates, Gaitán (358,957 votes) and Gabriel Turbay (441,199 votes), in that year's race.

Gaitán became leaderof the Colombian Liberal Party in 1947, when his supporters gained the upperhand in the elections for seats in Congress.This would have allowed for the Liberal Party to present a single candidate forthe 1950 elections.

Sports-James Rodriguez

Rodriguez started his professional soccer career in 2006 at the time of his Colombian second division club Envigado FC, ​​with whom he made the 2007 ascent.

In 2008 he was signed by Argentine team Club Atlético Banfield, where he made his first team debut on 7 February 2009, he scored his first goal for the club on 27 February with a long range strike in a 3-1 victory over Rosario Central.

In 2009 he became a regular first team player featuring in every game of the Apertura 2009. His second goal for Banfield came on 26 September when he scored with a strike into the top corner from outside of the area in an important 2-1 against Newell's Old Boys, a win which helped Banfield to win the Argentine championship for the first time in the history of the club.

On December 2009 Udinese Calcio get the priority for a transfer after the end of Copa Libertadores on July 2010

For the Clausura 2010, 13 February 2010, James scored a golazo in the match against arch rivals Lanús with a left-footed lob to make the game 2-0 in the final minutes. After the game daily sports website Diario Olé likened his playing and personal style to Cristiano Ronaldo and also nicknamed him the 'James Bond of Banfield'.

James added to his glowing reputation with a goal in the Copa Libertadores group game on 17 February 2010, in a demolition ofDeportivo Cuenca away from home, Rodriguez scored the fourth goal of the game with a nice cool finish in the area on his left foot. Banfield thrashed them 4-1. His wonderful scoring season continued with a brace in the Copa Libertadores group game on 10 March 2010, in an away match with Uruguayan giants Club Nacional de Football, James scored once with a diving header and again from the penalty spot on his right-foot in the game which ended 2-2. The 18 year old netted another goal on 29 April 2010, in the second round match of Copa Libertadores 2010 in the first match versus Brazilian giants Internacional which Banfield won 3-1. bringing his tally to 5 goals in 7 games but the international season ended in defeat as his team went down on away goals losing 2-0 in Porto Alegre in a game which Rodriguez was also red carded for two fouls.

On 6 July 2010, he was signed by F.C. Porto for €5.1 million, with 30% registration rights retained by other parties. He signed a 4-year contract with a €30M release clause. On 18 July he played his first game and scored his first goal in a friendly against Ajax.^[ In November Porto sold 35% economic rights (half of 70%) to Gol Football Luxembourg, S.A.R.L. for 2.5 million.

On 15 December 2010, James scored his first goal in European Football in a 3-1 home victory for Porto against CSKA Sofia^[

James also scored a hat-trick in Portuguese Cup Final against Vitória de Guimarães in a 6-2 win of Porto. On 17 May Porto bought the remain 30% rights from Convergence Capital Partners B.V. for €2,250,000 On 13 June he signed a new 5-year contract and the release clause had increased to €45 million. 

https://www.facebook.com/pages/James-Rodriguez-Oficial/186676354713214

Music-Doctor Krapula

Krápula Doctor is a Colombian Latin rock band, which transmits messages to humanity processing and activation of consciousness through its popular music mixed. 
Formed in Bogotá Colombia for 5 musicians in 1998. In 10 year career and 5 record works of the Carnival Apatilla, Give the Wuelta the Disco, Pumps, Sacred Heart Pump Heart Doctor members Live Krápula managers have positioned themselves as conscious art movement in Latin America.

It has a powerful live show that has hit the heart and memory transcend more than one million people in over 500 presentations. The love of his followers and the persistent and continuous work have earned more than 10 awards Shock of music, 4 Our Earth Awards, 3 MTV Awards nominations Latinos, a nomination in the Top 40 Awards in Spain as well as countless recognition from the press and mass through their music and their actions.
Doctor's music and dance Krápula is left is left and managed to reflect break into the big markets without negotiating the revolutionary character lyric essence ..
Disc

• El Carnaval de la Apatilla (álbum) (2002)
• Dele la Wuelta al Disco (álbum) (2003)
• Bombea (álbum) (2005)
• Sagrado Corazón (álbum) (2008)
• Gol de mi Corazón (single) (2009)
• Somos (single) (2011)
• Corazón Bombea Vivo (CD/DVD) (2011)

Members

• Mario Muñoz: Voz líder
• David Jaramillo: Bajo y voces
• German Martínez: Guitarra líder y coros
• Nicolas "Niko" Cabrera: Batería y coros
• Sergio Acosta: Hammond, teclados, acordeón y coros
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nSRZl3gNfI

Literature - Andres Caicedo

Luis Andrés Caicedo Estela (1.951 to 4 September 29 March1977) was a Colombian writer born in Cali, the city where he spent most of his life. Despite his untimely death, his work is considered one of the most original Colombian literature. Caicedo was different cultural movements in the city and the literary group "The dialogue" (Those who speak), Cinema Club of Cali and the "Eye In The Film" Magazine (attention to the film). In 1970 she won the first literary content of Caracas with his "Little Red Riding Hood's Teeth" (Little Red Riding Hood's teeth) that opened the doors of national recognition for it. Some sources say he said that to live more than 25 years was a shame and is seen as the main reason for his suicide on March 4, 1977 when he went to work age.Caicedo 's is the urban context and social conflicts, especially the youth. Contrary to what the school of Magic Realism, Caicedo's work is based entirely on social reality. Therefore, some experts give importance to his work as an alternative in Latin America to prominent figures such as Gabriel García Márquez, especially through the research of Chilean journalist, writer and film critic who called Alberto Caicedo Fuguet "The first enemy Macondo. "Despite his fame in Colombia, Caicedo is little known in Latin America, perhaps by his early death. However, their work is becoming known thanks to the influence of his works in the new generations, as a writer Rafael Chaparro, Efraim Medina Reyes, Manuel Giraldo Escobar and Ricardo Octavio

http://dintev.univalle.edu.co/cvisaacs/caicedo/index.htm